The transfer involved 102,415 troops. Both stocked 200 rounds per gun of field artillery ammunition for the entire XXX Corps. BAOR stands for British Army Of the Rhine. To coordinate troop movements between the First Canadian Army and the British Second Army, a joint office known as "Grouping Control" was established. Sirs, Ladies and Gentlemen,Welcome to the website dedicated to the British Army of the Rhine, its locations, and those areas whilst not strictly within BAOR, thatwere vital to the operation of the theatre. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. Initially, bulk POL was brought across the Rhine in tanker trucks at the rate of 1,000 tonnes (1,000 long tons) per day. Despite the weather, all movements were completed as planned by 8 February. [2] Composition [ edit] The installations consist of: [3] Normandy Barracks, Paderborn Headquarters, British Army Germany: Germany Enabling Office (GEO); Germany Support Unit. [45], Stocks of ammunition were built up at No. Depots and stocks remaining in the RMA were transferred to the control of the War Office. The British Army of the Rhine was born in 1945 out of the British Liberation Army at the close of the war as the military government of the British zone of occupied Germany. Expand or collapse the "in this article" section, Expand or collapse the "related articles" section, Expand or collapse the "forthcoming articles" section, Africa, Gunpowder and Colonial Campaigns in, All-Volunteer Army, Post-Vietnam Through 2016, Armed Forces of the Ottoman Empire, 16831918, Australia from the Colonial Era to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. [60], The engineer units in the XII Corps assault area were under 11th Army Group, Royal Engineers (AGRE), commanded by Colonel R. B. It was estimated that six one-way class 40 and two one-way class 70 pile bridges would be needed. Happily, we were posted to the British Army of the Rhine, in my case, to 282 (Welsh) Field Company, RE, in the 63rd (Welsh) Division. Tony Lord. [39][40], The artillery fire plan for Operation Veritable called for the widespread use of "pepperpot tactics". 13 Army Roadhead while II Canadian Corps advanced on Oldenburg supported from No. By this time a thaw had set in, and the ground was now soft and muddy, restricting off-road vehicle movement. This came from the reorganisation of the line of communications, and additional general transport companies arriving from Italy through Operation Goldflake. The United States and the Middle East, 1945-2001, World War II in the Mediterranean and Middle East. A request from the 21st army Group for additional resources to support the redeployed formations was rejected by the War Office; any additional support units required had to either be drawn from the Mediterranean or supplied by the 21st Army Group. Peter Walker. [63][72] The seaborne tail of the 6th Airborne Division established a DUKW replenishment area west of the Rhine from whence supplies were moved until it could cross the river. [10], HQ British Forces Germany was formed in January 2012, replacing the UKSC(G) and the Germany Support Group (GSG). By January 1945, some 90,000 civilians were employed by the 21st Army Group, of whom half were employed in workshops in the advanced base, and 14,000 at the port of Antwerp. [79] Seven American combat engineer battalions assisted with road and bridge maintenance in the British Second Army area. Five days before the operation began, the Navy asked for 40 more, which were provided. british army of the rhine bases . It was therefore agreed that from 1 March onwards, 81,000 tonnes (80,000 long tons) of fuel held in British storage would be transferred to the Americans so that both armies could have thirty days' reserves. [11], A new base was developed around Brussels, and an advanced base area around Antwerp, but supplies were still being drawn from the Rear Maintenance Area (RMA) in Normandy. [73] XII and XXX Corps each formed a bank control group along the lines of the beach groups that had supported the Normandy landings in 1944, but with the logistical elements restricted to the medical, provost and REME components. The best introduction to the regimental system of the British army. Traduzione di "British Army of the Rhine" in italiano . The Regiments Depart: A History of the British Army, 19451970. [82][83], In the XXX Corps area, the engineer units were grouped under the 13th AGRE, under the command of Colonel F. C. Fifteen minutes after the glider landings, there was a resupply mission flown by 240 Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers from the US Eighth Air Force. It was estimated that each could carry 7,000 vehicles per day under frozen conditions and 4,000 per day during a thaw. Barnett, Correlli. A special effort was made to ensure that all units had their full allowance of winter and protective clothing. von | Jun 17, 2022 | tornadoes of 1965 | | Jun 17, 2022 | tornadoes of 1965 | The troops in the assault units were issued with 24-hour ration packs, together with a Tommy cooker and a tin containing tea, condensed milk and sugar, enabling the troops in the front line to brew a hot cup of tea. No 13 Army Roadhead was opened at Nijmegen on 2 March, and was stocked by rail. Petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) was brought by ships and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was over the pipelines, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army roadheads. After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only . [101] The vast resources brought to bear was in stark contrast with scarcities of the early war years. No. Its original function was to control the corps districts which were running the military government of the British zone of Allied-occupied Germany.After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only, rather than being responsible for . [43] The ammunition dumping program was completed by 4 February, by which time 14,400 tonnes (14,200 long tons) of ammunition had been dumped at the gun positions, and 23,100 tonnes (22,700 long tons) at the XXX Corps and II Canadian Corps FMCs. The base workshops built a prototype trailer that provided more clearance, and the Navy ordered 25 of them. [81] The XXX Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 FBE bridge, a class 15 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. As the Soviet threat increased, so BAOR became less of an occupational army and assumed the role of defender of Western Europe, and as a major contributor to NATO after 1949. It was therefore conducted over muddy and sometimes flooded ground, and roads were sometimes impassable even to four-wheel-drive vehicles. This account will transfer to the new Comd British Army Germany, Col Tim Hill. It took part in the Overlord invasion of Europe in 1944 and through to the end of war in Germany. They only operated until newly constructed bridges were able to take traffic, which occurred about 72 hours into the operation. The first British Army of the Rhine was set up in March 1919 to implement the occupation of the Rhineland. 26 In a European context the first step in this process was the 1947 Anglo-French Treaty of . [28][29] The first vehicles to arrive came with only fifty drivers, so a detachment from 141 Vehicle Park was sent to Marseilles from the RMA. [32][34], To free up administrative units to support the advance into Germany, it was decided to shorten the line of communications by closing down the RMA in Normandy, where some 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were still held. The 21st Army Group asked for four base supply depots (BSDs), six field bakeries, three field butcheries, a cold storage depot and two detail issue depots (DIDs). 2019 Ted Fund Donors Railway units were moved forward, and only one railway group headquarters and two railway operating companies were left in France, Belgium and the Netherlands south of the Waal. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content on While it was under construction, the engineers came under attack by the Luftwaffe, and 8 men were killed and 22 wounded. The "Waterloo" class 9 FBE could not be built at the intended site at Rees on 24 March because the town had not been captured. 19191929. During the two-hour rail halt, the troops were served a hot meal and provided with sandwiches for the next one. Information and history about the British Military Hospital in Munster along with photos of BMH Muster and the QAs. It was the largest concentration of British armed forces permanently stationed outside the United Kingdom. During this advance it suffered 7,665 casualties and captured 78,108 prisoners. By 9 February sections of the Nijmegen-Kranenburg road were under 46 centimetres (18in) of water. Army of Occupation commanders.jpg 800 595; 155 KB. Contents 1 History [46] There were 350 different types of ammunition in all. Includes a chapter on the creation of the postmodern regimental system between 1945 and 1970 against the backdrop of postwar austerity and the consequent reorganization and amalgamation of many regiments. By mid-March POL was arriving at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was coming over the Dumbo pipeline. [36] Operation Veritable would be spearheaded by the five British divisions of Lieutenant General Sir Brian Horrocks's XXX Corps, and would form part of a giant pincer movement with Operation Grenade, which would be conducted by Lieutenant General William H. Simpson's US Ninth Army. [28], On 15 February, the region south of the Seine under British administration by 5th Line of Communications Sub Area and the 101st Beach Sub Area were reduced to the ports of Caen and Ouistreham and the depots around them, while that administered by the 9th Line of Communications Sub Area was handed over to the US Communications Zone, as was the region between the Somme and the Seine administered by the 6th Line of Communications Sub Area, except for the city of Amiens. London: Penguin, 1970. Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery's 21st Army Group consisted of the General Harry Crerar's First Canadian Army and Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey's British Second Army. Not only are the well-equipped forward elements presented, but the light security elements that form BAOR's vital reinforcements are included as well. During the Great War (1914-1918) approximately 900,000 men, a quarter of the whole Army. Oxford Bibliographies Online is available by subscription and perpetual access to institutions. Motorman began on 31st July 1972 with the rapid deployment of troops from the rest of the UK and the British Army of the Rhine to the ports of Belfast and Derry. The War Office found that it could provide another two field bakeries from the United Kingdom, along with three field butcheries that were already scheduled to be sent. [14], In autumn 2019, British Forces Germany effectively closed,[15] with the last military base handed back to the German Bundeswehr in February 2020. 166 Field Maintenance Centre (FMC) at Veghel and the two Canadian FMCs at Wijchen and Oss. Media in category "British Army of the Rhine". 167 FMC, established by the XXX Corps which held only petrol, compo ration packs and ammunition. Britain and Her Army, 15091970: A Military, Political, and Social Survey. [98] By May the ration strength of the 21st Army Group had risen to 1.711 million. [30], The two airborne divisions participating in Operation Varsity, the airborne operation supporting Operation Plunder, were initially supplied by the First Allied Airborne Army. A thematic study on how the British Army imagined the use of tactical nuclear weapons in land combat. Read reviews from the world's largest community for readers. They were respectively augmented by 1,891 and 1,446 anti-aircraft guns and anti-tank guns. The British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) began life in 1945 as a postwar administrative headquarters deployed in support of the civilian authority of the British zone of occupation, northern Germany. [85], During the first three weeks of April 1945, the Second Army advanced about 320 kilometres (200mi) across northern Germany to reach the Elbe on 19 April. . To provide them, beech trees were felled in the Fort de Soignes near Brussels. Instead, 18th GHQ Troops Engineers erected it the following day at a downstream site near the town of Honnopel. XXX Corps opened a new No. [63][64] When mounted on the proposed trailer, the 15-metre (50ft) LCM was 4.6 metres (15ft) high, which left only 7.6 centimetres (3in) of clearance under some of the bridges they had to pass under between Antwerp and the staging area around Nijmegen.